This book is based on two symposia that were held at the American Chemical Society National Meeting in San Diego, California, in April 2001, where strategies for the utilization of fossil fuels in the 21st century were presented. The symposia titled "Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization" and "Environmental Challenges for Fossil Fuel Utilization" were sponsored by the Division of Fuel Chemistry, and the latter was also co-sponsored by the Division of Environmental Chemistry. International representatives from numerous countries around the world, including the USA, Canada, China, Australia, Japan, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, India, France and South Korea, presented oral papers and posters that covered recent developments for the continuous utilization of fossil fuels, especially those related to environmental challenges and greenhouse gas control. This book contains thirty peer-reviewed chapters that will provide the readers with updated research progress in the field of environmental chemical research related to fossil fuel utilization. Furthermore, its international flavor will ensure that a worldwide broad cross section of scientific and engineering research is covered throughout the book. The book is logically divided into the following six sections: (1) Pollutant Emissions; (2) Carbon Sequestration; (3) Greenhouse Gas Emission Control; (4) Utilization of CO2 for Synthesis Gas Production; (5) Utilization of CO2 for Chemical Synthesis; and (6) Combustion Byproducts.